Turner syndrome is caused by the loss of one X chromosome
(usually paternal) in fetal cells, producing a female conceptus
with 45 chromosomes. This results in early spontaneous loss of
the fetus in over 95% of cases. Severely affected fetuses who
survive to the second trimester can be detected by
ultrasonography, which shows cystic hygroma, chylothorax,
asictes and hydrops. Fetal mortality is very high in these cases.
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